Easy-to-read medicine information about nitrofurantoin – what it is, how to take nitrofurantoin safely and possible side effects.
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What is nitrofurantoin?
- Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic that is used to treat and prevent infections of the urinary tract, such as bladder infections.
- It works by killing or stopping the growth of the bugs that cause the infection.
- In patients who get urinary tract infections often, nitrofurantoin can be used to prevent such infections.
Dose
- The dose of nitrofurantoin will be different for different people. Your doctor will determine the correct dose for you, based on the severity of your condition. The following is a guide:
- To treat mild urinary tract infections, the dose is usually 50 mg every 6 hours for 3 or 7 days.3
- To treat more severe urinary tract infections or infections that happen repeatedly, the dose is usually 100 mg every 6 hours for 7 days.3
- To prevent urinary tract infections, the dose is usually 50 mg or 100 mg, once a day at night.3
- Always take your nitrofurantoin exactly as your doctor has told you. The pharmacy label on your medicine will tell you how much nitrofurantoin to take, how often to take it, and any special instructions.
How to take nitrofurantoin
- Take each dose with food or milk. If taken on an empty stomach, it may cause stomach upset.
- Keep taking nitrofurantoin until you finish all the tablets, for as long as your doctor or pharmacist tells you to.
- Do not stop taking nitrofurantoin, even if you feel better after a few days, unless your doctor tells you to.
- If you have been prescribed nitrofurantoin for longer than 6 months, OR develop a cough, check with your doctor if you should carry on taking it. Prolonged use of nitrofurantoin has been reported to cause lung problems.
- If you forget to take nitrofurantoin, take it as soon as you remember.
- But, if it is nearly time for your next tablet, just take the next tablet at the right time. Do not take double the amount of tablets.
Precautions — before taking nitrofurantoin
- Do you have any problems with the way your kidney or liver works?
- Are you pregnant or breast-feeding?
- Do you have any breathing problems?
- Do you have problems where your nerves cause pain or numbness (called peripheral neuropathy)?
- Have you have been told you have one of the following rare inherited conditions: porphyria or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency?
If so, it’s important that you tell your doctor before you start taking nitrofurantoin. Sometimes a medicine isn’t suitable for a person with certain conditions, or it can only be used with extra care.
Possible side effects
Like all medicines, nitrofurantoin can cause side effects, although not everyone gets them. Often side effects improve as your body gets used to the new medicine.
Problems with your lungs
Nitrofurantoin can cause lung problems (called pulmonary reactions). This may occur within the first month of treatment or after long-term use of nitrofurantoin (generally for 6 months or longer).1,2
Tell your doctor immediately or ring HealthLine 0800 611 116 if you develop symptoms of lung problems, such as:
- cough
- chest pain
- shortness of breath and trouble breathing
- joint or muscle pain, fever (high temperature), chills.
Other side effects
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Interactions
Nitrofurantoin may interact with a few medications and herbal supplements so check with your doctor or pharmacist.
Learn more
Medsafe Consumer Information Sheet - Nifuran
References
- Nitrofurantoin - Not Suitable In Renal Impairment Medsafe Prescriber Update 36(4): 51-52, December 2015
- Nitrofurantoin - Do the Benefits Outweigh the Risks Long-Term? Medsafe Prescriber Update 33(2): 17-18, June 2012
- Nitrofurantoin New Zealand Formulary [accessed 18 April 2017]
- Nifuran Medsafe Datasheet